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MINI HYDRO
Background
The government’s
electrification master plan is essentially based on the
establishment of a national grid and the construction of
hydropower stations. Three of the hydroelectricity projects
currently planned will have an installed capacity superior to
100 MW. Under Cambodian law, Environmental Impact Assessments
(EIA) will be required for all the stations that exceed 5 MW
of installed capacity (RGC, 1999).
The often quoted figure for
Cambodia’s hydropower potential was provided by an Asian
Development Bank’s report, where it is argued that the Mekong
River and its
tributaries have potential for the generation of 8.6 GW of
electricity (ADB, 1999). MIME is even more enthusiastic in its
estimates of Cambodia’s hydroelectric potential with about 10
GW (MIME, 1999).
The only hydroelectricity
scheme of substantial capacity currently in operation in
Cambodia is the 12 MW Kirirom station which is connected to
Phnom Penh by a 112 kV transmission line stretching over a
distance of 120 km. The original Kirirom scheme was built with
Yugoslavian support and commissioned in 1968. At the end of
year 1970, the Kirirom station ceased production with the
beginning of the Khmer Rouge insurgency. To be noted, the area
surrounding Mount Kirirom has been declared a national park by
the 1993 Royal Decree on Protected Areas. Kirirom is the only
known area in Cambodia of high elevation pines. The Kirirom
hydro station resumed operations only in May 2002.
The electrification master
plan argues that given “the topography and high rainfall”,
many areas of Cambodia are favourable to the development of
mini-hydro schemes of 100 kW to 5 MW (World Bank and HECEC,
1998). The 5 MW limit corresponds to the maximum installed
capacity of a station that does not require an EIA for
construction.
Project/Program
The
Government Cambodia's Renewable Electricity Action Plan
provides framework supporting small-scale generation
electricity local communities. Plan product major effort
Cambodia's Department Energy Technique design decentralized
system electricity supply based on innovative thinking latest
renewable energy technologies.
Renewable energy
advocates call "milestone development Cambodia's renewable
electricity technology" - made-in-Cambodia guide promoting
public private investment renewable energy technologies order
meet needs Cambodia's rural population.
Under assistance
of JICA, Japan in cooperation with Ministry of Industry, Mines
and Energy (MIME) and Electricity Authority of Cambodia (EAC)
had been established " General Requirements of Electric Power
Technical Standards for the Kingdom of Cambodia" In this
document also included the general requirement for the hydro
power.
This General Requirements of
Technical Standards has the following main purposes:
1. To specify the technical,
design, and operational criteria of Electrical Power Facility,
House Wiring and Electrical Appliance,
2. To ensure that the basic
rules for supply of electricity are fair and
non-discriminatory for all Consumers of the same category, and
3. To maintain the technical
standards (levels) of Electrical Power Facility, House Wiring
and Electrical Appliance installed in the Kingdom of
Cambodia
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS FOR HYDRO POWER GENERATING FACILITIES
- Dams,
Waterways, Powerhouses and Other Facilities
-
Prevention of Damage caused by Hydroelectric Power Plant
-
Hydraulic Turbines and Generators
MINI HYDRO POWER CONSTRUCTION SCHEMES
A : Mini Hydro (50-500 kW)
(Construction
by Outside Contractor)
B : Micro Hydro (1-50 kW)
(Construction by Villagers’
Participation)
C : Pico Hydro (<1.0 kW)
(Installation by Individual
Houses/Groups)
As the
development of power sector requires huge capital investment,
the RGC has the strategy to attract private sector to
participate in the development in energy sector, such projects
hydropower Kirirom I 12 MW invested by CETIC (2002),
Hydropower Kirirom III also will invested by CETIC and
Hydropower Kamchay 180 MW now is under bidding process.
ISSUES ON
MINI HYDRO POWER (Technical, Institutional and Finance)
n
Power Supply Shortage (Dry Season)
n
Landslide / Flood Damage / Sedimentation
n
Access (for Construction/Maintenance)
n
O&M Issues (Technical and Cost)
n
Finance (Investment Cost)
n
Not integrated with Community Development
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION FOR
MINI HYDRO POWER PROJECT
Objective:
n
Socioeconomic Development
n
Management by Community Based Organization (Ownership)
n
Enhancement of Livelihoods/Poverty Alleviation
n
No
Emission of Green-House Gas (GHG)
SMALL / MICRO HYDRO ELECTRICITY
|
No. |
Description |
Catchments Area, km2 |
Discharge (m2/s) |
Length Dam, m |
Reservoir, km2 |
Volume, mill. m3 |
Installed Capacity , kW |
|
1 |
KBALCHHAY
Sihanouk Ville |
35,85 |
1,16 |
190 |
650 m2 |
3,250 m2 |
500 |
|
2 |
BOKOR
Kampot
Province |
14,4 |
0,47 |
800 |
2,95 |
14,75 |
2 500 |
|
3 |
O THUM
Kampot
Province |
77,45 |
1,19 |
225 |
1,25 |
3,13 |
50 |
|
4 |
TOEUK
CHHOUR
Kampot
Province |
32,1 |
1,04 |
200 |
0,15 |
0,75 |
320 |
|
5 |
PREAK
KAOH TOUCH
Kampot Province |
21,65 |
0,70 |
120 |
0,08 |
0,40 |
320 |
|
6 |
O
CHRUOH ROKAR
Kampot
Province |
32,55 |
1,06 |
900 |
2,20 |
16,50 |
120 |
|
7 |
STUNG TRAS
Kampot + Kg Speu Province |
266,1 |
3,24 |
480 |
5,70 |
28,50 |
250 |
|
8 |
STUNG
KRAING PONLEY Kg
Speu + Kg Chhnang province |
483,1 |
5,88 |
570 |
1,90 |
4,75 |
200 |
|
9 |
STUNG
BORIBOUR Kampong
Chhnang Province |
791,05 |
10,84 |
180 |
0,80 |
4,00 |
850 |
|
10 |
STUNG
BAMNAK
Kampong
Chhnang Province |
392,4 |
5,38 |
210 |
1,30 |
6,50 |
500 |
|
11 |
STUNG KBAL SIEM
(St. kampong La) Kg.
Chhnang
Province |
0 |
0,00 |
440 |
0,75 |
3,75 |
No data |
|
12 |
STUNG
PREY KLONG Phnum
Kravagn,
Pursat Province |
862 |
11,81 |
950 |
7,13 |
35,00 |
900 |
|
13 |
STUNGMONG
Battambang Province |
0 |
0,00 |
0 |
0,00 |
0,00 |
No data |
|
14 |
PREAK
ANTAP
Memut
Districe Kg.Champrovince |
234,81 |
7,51 |
700 |
4,88 |
24,28 |
1 000 |
|
15 |
PREAK
LPEAK
KampongSiem
Dist.Kg.Cham Prov |
41,25 |
0,57 |
320 |
1,70 |
8,50 |
50 |
|
16 |
PHNUM KULEN
(Stung
Siem Reap)
SiemReap Prov. |
123,75 |
2,60 |
450 |
0,35 |
1,75 |
1 600 |
|
17 |
PREAKTHUM
(Stung Siem Reap)
SiemReap Prov. |
80,15 |
1,69 |
80 |
0,70 |
3,50 |
550 |
|
18 |
O SAM RAONG
Siem Reap Province |
117,9 |
2,48 |
1400 |
2,45 |
12,25 |
200 |
|
19 |
STUNG
TOUCH
Siem
Reap Province |
49,95 |
1,05 |
310 |
3,75 |
18,75 |
100 |
|
20 |
O SAM KAONG
Siem
Reap Province |
211,6 |
4,45 |
620 |
3,60 |
18,00 |
350 |
|
21 |
STUNG
CHI KRENG Siem
Reap Province |
0 |
0,00 |
0 |
0,00 |
0,00 |
No data |
|
22 |
O
KACHAGN
Rattanakiri Province |
31,2 |
1,09 |
350 |
1,33 |
6,63 |
150 |
|
23 |
O
KATIENG
Rattanakiri Province |
42,9 |
1,50 |
500 |
1,51 |
15,13 |
350 |
|
24 |
O MOLENG, (a)
Mondulkiri Province |
56,64 |
1,98 |
400 |
0,31 |
1,56 |
150 |
|
25 |
O MOLENG, (b)
Mondulkiri
Province |
47,55 |
1,33 |
200 |
0,33 |
1,63 |
50 |
|
26 |
O
ROMISS
Mondulkiri Province |
43,262 |
1,21 |
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